Gfortran upgrade

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1

Hi everyone,

I am writing to seek your assistance regarding an issue I encountered with Gfortran. I am using Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS, with the GNU Fortran (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0 is 11. I need to updated to Gfortran v13 to compile CNS. Therefore, I run the command below

     sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
     sudo apt update
     sudo apt install gfortran-13

I got the following at the end

    Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
    Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...
    /sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib/wsl/lib/libcuda.so.1 is not a symbolic link

Then I run

      gfortran --version

but I see that I still have gfortran-11 installed.

Please does anyone know how to upgrade gfortran-11 to gfortran-13?
Also how can I remove Gfortran -11 from my system?
My operating system is: intel-x86_64bit-linux
I am using bash shell

Thank you

2

Try gfortran-13 --version

3

Yes, in Ubuntu gfortran is a link to the default gfortran version of your distribution.

For example, in Ubuntu 24.04:

$ ls -o /usr/bin/gfortran*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 11 janv. 31  2024 /usr/bin/gfortran -> gfortran-13
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 28 mars  31 03:01 /usr/bin/gfortran-10 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran-10
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 28 avril 12 10:32 /usr/bin/gfortran-11 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran-11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 28 avril  3 14:27 /usr/bin/gfortran-12 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran-12
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 28 avril 14 09:31 /usr/bin/gfortran-13 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran-13
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 27 mars  31 03:03 /usr/bin/gfortran-9 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran-9

The other versions must be called with their major version: gfortran-??

It is generally useful to have several versions installed. Your program may sometimes run faster with an older version. And older versions are more debugged (higher minor version). For example I have the 13.2, 12.3, 11.4 and 10.5.

4

Hi

Thank you very much for replying. Please I have further questions

How can I set the Gfortran-13 as default?

When I tried to compile CNS by command below

   make install compiler=gfortran

I got too many errors. Then after install gfortran-13, I run the command

   make install compiler=gfortran-13

But I got

  Installation directory: /home/sura/software/cns_solve_1.3/intel-x86_64bit-linux

  copying files in instlib directory intel-x86_64bit-linux to intel-x86_64bit-linux

  0read.me

  Makefile.header.1.ifort

  Makefile.header.2.gfortran

  Makefile.header.3.ifort_mp

  Makefile.header.4.pgf95

  Makefile.header.5.ifort_mp_profile

  Makefile.header.6.ifort_mp_tcheck

  Makefile.header.7.gfortran_mp

  arch_env

  machine_c.c

  machine_f.f

  >>>> Error: Makefile template for compiler gfortran-13 is not available

 make: *** [Makefile:38: install] Error 1

Please could you help me to resolve this issues?
What am I doing wrong?

Thank you

5

Nothing per-se. The software you are trying to install expects the compiler to be named gfortran, otherwise the provided build system doesn’t work.

You could try to create a copy of the Makefile templates and rename them to have gfortran-13 at the end. Actually this is what the CNS authors recommend: CNS Installation — haddock3 3.0.0 documentation

Makefile headers for each supported system-compiler combination are provided in instlib/machine/supported/ (for unsupported systems, see instlib/machine/unsupported/). If you already tried make install, the appropriate directory for your system (eg. mac-intel-darwin) will have been copied to the main cns_solve_1.3 directory. If this directory does not contain the desired file (eg. Makefile.header.2.gfortran), you can create one manually.

For example, for gfortran, create a new file named Makefile.header.6.gfortran inside the directory containing Makefile headers for your system. […continued…]

6

Another solution is to use an alias:

alias gcc='gcc-13'
alias gfortran='gfortran-13'

This alias would work during the execution of the current shell. You can also set this in your bashrc such that every time you open a shell it would automatically create the alias and always point to this version. I have created a small function in my bashrc in order to switch between different version of gnu or sourcing different versions of intel compilers as well.

7

That is useful shortcut, especially for a piece of software which only needs to be built once.

On Linux there is also the update-alternatives tool. I’ve used it a few times, but it is a bit involved to setup, and if you don’t use it often, you forgot how to switch between alternatives. This blog post explains its use.

8

Thank you so much for prompt reply. I will try ivanpribec solution which is the CNS authors recommend. Does a number “6 “in the command Makefile.header.6.gfortran is a way to name the new file and it does not represent any version or resources.

I appreciate your help very much.

Thanks

9

A solution is to modify the symbolic link. For example, here I replace gfortran-13 (default in my distribution) by gfortran-10:

$ ls -o /usr/bin/gfortran
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 20 août  25 12:18 /usr/bin/gfortran -> /usr/bin/gfortran-13
$ sudo ln -s -f /usr/bin/gfortran-10 /usr/bin/gfortran
$ gfortran --version
GNU Fortran (Ubuntu 10.5.0-4ubuntu2) 10.5.0
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
$ ls -o /usr/bin/gfortran
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 20 août  25 12:17 /usr/bin/gfortran -> /usr/bin/gfortran-10

You need the -f option (--force) of the ln command because the link already exists.

Note that I don’t know what will happen to that link if an upgrade of your system modifies the gfortran files.